Signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt on August 14, 1935, the Social Security Act established a federal old-age insurance program funded by a dedicated payroll tax, a joint federal-state unemployment insurance system, and grants to states for aid to dependent children, the blind, and the elderly poor. The Supreme Court upheld the Act in Steward Machine Co. v. Davis and Helvering v. Davis (both 1937), completing the 'switch in time' away from Lochner-era hostility to New Deal legislation. Later amendments added Disability Insurance (1956), Medicare and Medicaid (1965), and Supplemental Security Income (1972). Social Security is the most consequential domestic statute of the twentieth century.