Signed by Bill Clinton on February 5, 1993 — the first bill he signed — the FMLA requires covered employers to provide up to twelve weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave per year for the birth or adoption of a child, an employee's own serious health condition, or the serious illness of a family member. In Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs (2003), the Supreme Court upheld application of the family-care provisions to state employers as valid Fourteenth Amendment enforcement. The FMLA is the closest thing the United States has to a national paid-leave policy, though the 'unpaid' qualifier is the reason paid-leave debates continue.