For nearly fifty years, Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act required jurisdictions with histories of voting discrimination to obtain federal 'preclearance' before changing election rules. Shelby County struck down Section 4(b)'s coverage formula, which determined which jurisdictions were covered, as based on outdated data. Chief Justice Roberts wrote that 'our country has changed.' In the decade since, formerly covered states have enacted a wave of new voting restrictions, and Congress has not agreed on a replacement formula. Shelby is among the most consequential voting-rights rulings of the modern era.