Lived

March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908

Home State

New York

Party

Democratic

Vice President

Thomas A. Hendricks (1st); Adlai E. Stevenson I (2nd)

Grover Cleveland is the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms, making him both the 22nd and 24th President. A fiscal conservative from New York, he signed the Interstate Commerce Act creating the first federal regulatory agency and vetoed pension bills he considered fraudulent. His second term was consumed by the Panic of 1893 and the Pullman Strike, which he broke with federal troops. The Dawes Act's allotment policy destroyed communal Indigenous land tenure, a dark chapter of his presidency. Sheriff of Erie County (personally carried out two executions), Mayor of Buffalo, Governor of New York.

No college; read law in Buffalo.

Signed the Interstate Commerce Act, creating the first federal regulatory agency (the ICC). Signed the Dawes Act (a mixed legacy at best). Rebuffed the annexation of Hawaii after the overthrow of Queen Liliʻuokalani. Signed the Interstate Commerce Act (1887), the Dawes Act (1887), and repealed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act (1893).

Sent federal troops to break the Pullman Strike in 1894 over the objections of Illinois Governor Altgeld. The Dawes Act's allotment policy destroyed communal Indigenous land tenure. His response to the Panic of 1893 split the Democratic Party.