Signed by Benjamin Harrison on July 2, 1890, the Sherman Act was Congress's response to the great trusts of the Gilded Age — Standard Oil, the sugar trust, the railroads. Section 1 outlaws contracts and conspiracies in restraint of interstate or foreign trade; Section 2 outlaws monopolization or attempts to monopolize. For its first two decades the Act was more often used against labor unions than trusts — until the Roosevelt and Taft administrations wielded it to break up Standard Oil (1911) and American Tobacco (1911). The Sherman Act, later supplemented by the Clayton Act (1914) and the FTC Act (1914), remains the backbone of American antitrust law.