Signed by Lyndon Johnson on July 2, 1964, the Civil Rights Act is the most sweeping civil-rights statute in American history. Title II bans racial discrimination in public accommodations affecting interstate commerce; Title VI cuts off federal funding to any program that discriminates; and Title VII bans employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin — the last a floor amendment that, contrary to some accounts, held. The Supreme Court upheld the public-accommodations title on Commerce Clause grounds in Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964) and extended Title VII's sex-discrimination ban to sexual orientation and gender identity in Bostock v. Clayton County (2020).